基于ESI 的中美基础研究布局结构及演变☆
Layout Structure and Evolution of Basic Research in China and the United States
[目的/意义] 基础研究是整个科学体系的源头,是科技创新的根基和底座。分析中美基础研究布局结构及其演变,不仅有助于揭示两国在科研领域的资源分配和重点方向,也能够为我国进一步优化基础研究战略、推动科技自立自强、高质量发展提供重要借鉴。[方法/过程] 首先利用SBERT(sentence-BERT)模型对中美近10 年的ESI(Essential Science Indicators)高被引论文向量化,然后利用t-SNE(t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding)算法对数据进行降维,进而借助K均值聚类算法、等高线密度可视化技术和LLR(loglikelihood ratio)自动标签提取技术实现中美基础研究全域布局结构、子域布局结构以及布局结构演变的全方位、多层次分析。[结果/结论] 中美两国在基础研究的布局上各有侧重:中国在化学与工程技术领域的科研资源较为集中,创新活跃度突出;美国则在生物医药、神经科学及公共卫生等方面表现出更强的研究深度与技术引领能力。两国的基础研究发展轨迹存在差异:中国的研究布局呈现出从单一集中向多元拓展的演变趋势,而美国在生物医药领域持续保持领先优势。以通信领域为例,中国采取的是“多点突破”策略,两国在学科交叉模式与创新生态方面有所不同,但在部分研究主题上仍具有一定一致性。
[Objective/Significance] Basic research is the source of the entire scientific system and the foundation and cornerstone of technological innovation. Analyzing the layout structure and evolution of basic research in China and the United States not only helps to reveal the resource allocation and key directions of the two countries in the field of scientific research, but also provides important references for China to further optimize its basic research strategy, promote technological self-reliance and high-quality development. [Method/Process] Firstly, the SBERT (sentence BERT) model is used to vectorize the ESI (Essential Science Indicators) highly cited papers in China and the United States over the past 10 years. Then, the t-SNE (t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding) algorithm is used to dimension the data, and the K-means clustering algorithm, contour density visualization technology, and LLR (log likelihood ratio) automatic label extraction technology are utilized to achieve a comprehensive and multi-level analysis of the overall layout structure, subdomain layout structure, and layout structure evolution of basic research in China and the United States. [Results/Conclusions] China and the United States each have their own emphasis on the layout of basic research: China has relatively concentrated scientific research resources in the fields of chemistry and engineering technology, with outstanding innovation activity; The United States has shown stronger research depth and technological leadership capabilities in fields such as biomedicine, neuroscience, and public health. There are differences in the development trajectory of basic research between the two countries: China's research layout shows an evolving trend from single concentration to diversified expansion, while the United States continues to maintain a leading advantage in the field of biomedicine. Taking the field of Telecommunications as an example, China adopts a “multi-point breakthrough” strategy, and the two countries have differences in interdisciplinary models and innovation ecosystems, but still have certain consistency in some research topics.
基础研究 / 布局结构 / 演变趋势 / 科学结构 / 中国和美国
basic research / layout structure / evolution trend / scientific structure / China and the United States
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