[Objective/Significance] Nobel laureates have experience in cultivating effective collaboration within research teams. Through in-depth research on the collaborative behavior of Nobel laureates, reliable evidence can be provided to promote collaboration efficiency among researchers and optimize research collaboration strategies. [Method/Process] Taking Nobel laureates in medicine as the research object, this study investigates the changes in the four indicators of cooperation duration, cooperation intensity, cooperation persistence, and cooperation stability before and after the two important nodes of publishing award-winning papers and winning the Nobel Prize. [Results/Conclusions] There was a significant improvement in the four indicators of cooperation duration, cooperation intensity, cooperation sustainability, and cooperation stability before and after publishing the award-winning paper; After winning the Nobel Prize, except for the cooperation intensity index, which showed a significant downward trend, other indicators fluctuated significantly and showed no significant upward or downward trend.
Shi Huimin, Li Jie, Xie Jing.
Analysis of Characteristics of Academic Career Partnership Among Nobel Laureates in Medicine[J].
Science Focus, 2024, 19(3): 48-58 DOI:10.15978/j.cnki.1673-5668.202403005
$P_{L S C}=\sum_{j=1}^{s} P C_{j} * L S C_{i, j} \#$
其中,文章中处于不同位次的合作者贡献度(contribution of co-authors in the paper,PC)采用Sekercioglu [24]和Hagen [25]提出的调和分配法,作者的位次顺序意味着相对贡献,该方法能够将合著者的贡献标准化使其总和为1,是目前常用的衡量作者贡献的方法之一,但不能准确反映一些位次较靠后的通讯作者对论文研究作出的重要贡献[26]。在作者数为m的论文中,署名位次为k的作者贡献度PC为:
$ P C=\frac{1 / K}{1+1 / 2+\ldots+1 / m} \#$
(2)合作强度
合作强度(tie of scientific collaboration,TSC)用来衡量获奖者与其合作者合作的深浅程度,通过统计合作者与获奖者之间的合作次数来量化合作的深浅,比如与获奖者合作过5次的合作者,合作强度较高,合作关系较为深厚,而仅合作过1次的合作者则表明合作关系较浅。Petersen[12] 定义的指标计算公式如④所示,其中TSCij的含义为获奖者i与其合作者j在N年中共同发表的论文数量,其中$C_{i j}^{n}$表示获奖者i与其合作者j在合作的第n年中共同发表的论文数量。
$T S C_{i j}=\sum_{n=1}^{N}\left|C_{i j}^{n}\right| \#$
使用PTSC表示论文P中获奖者i与其合著者之间的加权合作强度:
$P_{T S C}=\sum_{j=1}^{S} P C_{j} * T S C_{i, j} \#$
(3)合作持续性
合作持续性(persistent scientific collaboration,PSC)用来揭示更多有关合作中持久性的细节。根据Bu[13]的定义,合作持续性指的是获奖者i与其合作者j二者之间持续合作的程度,与不合作的年份数量以及不合作的间隔数有关。其中,LSCij指的是二者之间合作的总年份数;NSYij(the number of skip years without collaboration)指的是二者间合作次数为0的年份数。λ是拟合模型的参数,0< λ <1(本文参考Bu Yi对λ设定为0.5);NIij(the number of intervals without collaboration)指的是二者间没有合作的间隔数。
$P S C_{i, j}=L S C_{i j}-N S Y_{i j}+\lambda N I_{i, j} \#$
使用PPSC表示论文P中获奖者i与其合著者之间的加权合作持续性为:
$P_{P S C}=\sum_{j=1}^{S} P C_{j} * P S C_{i, j} \#$
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