美国能源基础科学竞争力分析及对我国的启示
Analysis on Competitiveness of American Basic Energy Science and Its Enlightment to China
[目的/意义] 基础研究是所有技术的发展基石,能源问题引起全球广泛关注,我国亟需系统评估能源基础科学的发展现状和国际地位。[方法/过程] 该文以美国能源部2021年发布的“美国能源基础科学是否具有竞争力”报告为基础,对比美国和中国的能源领域各子方向的发展现状和国际地位,提出了发展我国能源基础科学的建议。[结果/结论] 研究表明,在能源基础科学的5个领域中,美国当前在多数子方向上处于领导者或领先者地位,未来5~10年若干子方向存在落后风险。美国能源基础科学面临三大问题:先进研究设施面临增速缓慢、更新换代、缺乏支持等威胁;初级人才资助力度较低、缺少延续性,顶级人才计划受到其他国家相关计划的威胁;基础研究的成果转化和行业内的基础研究等环节比较薄弱。我国在能源基础科学5个领域存在薄弱子方向较多、国际人才引进遭遇瓶颈、初级人才挖掘与培养未获得充分重视、研究生态系统有待完善等问题。建议我国:加强能源基础科学5个领域的薄弱子方向的研究;加强大型设施和平台研究的环境创设,提升设施和平台的影响力;围绕薄弱环节引进顶尖国际人才,重视发掘、培养短缺初级人才;加强能源基础科学顶层规划,形成基础研究与产业研究并行发展的良性循环。
[Objective/Significance] Basic research is the cornerstone of the development of all technologies, and energy issues have attracted extensive global attention. China urgently needs to systematically evaluate the development status and international status of basic energy science. [Method/Process] Based on the report "Whether American Basic Energy Science Is Competitive" issued by the U.S. Department of Energy in 2021, this paper compares the development status and international status of various sub-directions in the energy field of the United States and China, and puts forward some suggestions for the development of basic energy science in China. [Results/Conclusions] Research shows that in the five fields of basic energy science, the United States is currently the leader in most sub-directions or is in a leading position, and there is a risk of backwardness in some sub-directions in the next five to ten years. There are three major problems: advanced research facilities face threats such as slow growth, upgrading and lack of support; the funding for junior talents in the United States is low and lack of continuity, and the top talent program is threatened by relevant programs in other countries; the transformation of basic research in the field of energy basic research in the United States and the development of basic research in the industry are relatively weak. China also has many problems in the five fields of basic energy science, such as uncompitetive sub-directions, bottlenecks in the introduction of international talents, insufficient attention to the excavation and training of primary talents, and research ecosystem in needs of improvement. It is suggested that China should strengthen the research on the weak sub-directions in the five fields of basic energy science; strengthen the environmental creation of large-scale facilities and platforms, and enhance the influence of facilities and platforms; focus on the weak links, introduce top international talents, and pay attention to the exploration and training of short primary talents; strengthen the top-level planning of basic energy science and form a virtuous circle of parallel development of basic research and industrial research.
energy / basic sciences / competiveness / United States / China
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